Which assessment type includes portfolios and projects?

The correct choice is that portfolios and projects are included in alternative assessments. Alternative assessments encompass a variety of evaluation methods that differ from traditional standardized tests. They focus on measuring students' knowledge and skills in ways that allow for deeper understanding and creativity.

Portfolios, for instance, allow students to showcase their learning over time by collecting and reflecting on a variety of work samples, which provides a holistic view of their progress. Projects require students to engage in a comprehensive task that often integrates multiple skills and knowledge areas, demonstrating their ability to apply what they have learned in a real-world or simulated context.

These types of assessments emphasize critical thinking, problem-solving, and the application of knowledge rather than reliance on rote memorization or specific answer choices, making them valuable tools in assessing a student’s overall capabilities.